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Bacterial succession in Antarctic soils of two glacier forefields on Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica.

机译：南极洲东部拉斯曼丘陵两个冰川前陆区南极土壤的细菌演替。

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摘要

Antarctic glacier forefields are extreme environments and pioneer sites for ecological succession. Increasing temperatures due to global warming lead to enhanced deglaciation processes in cold-affected habitats, and new terrain is becoming exposed to soil formation and microbial colonization. However, only little is known about the impact of environmental changes on microbial communities and how they develop in connection to shifting habitat characteristics. In this study, using a combination of molecular and geochemical analysis, we determine the structure and development of bacterial communities depending on soil parameters in two different glacier forefields on Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica. Our results demonstrate that deglaciation-dependent habitat formation, resulting in a gradient in soil moisture, pH and conductivity, leads to an orderly bacterial succession for some groups, for example Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Deltaproteobacteria in a transect representing ‘classical’ glacier forefields. A variable bacterial distribution and different composed communities were revealed according to soil heterogeneity in a slightly ‘matured’ glacier forefield transect, where Gemmatimonadetes, Flavobacteria, Gamma- and Deltaproteobacteria occur depending on water availability and soil depth. Actinobacteria are dominant in both sites with dominance connected to certain trace elements in the glacier forefields.
机译：南极冰川的前场是极端环境，是生态演替的先驱。由于全球变暖而导致的温度升高导致受冷影响的栖息地的冰消作用增强，并且新地形正暴露于土壤形成和微生物定植。但是，对于环境变化对微生物群落的影响以及它们如何与不断变化的生境特征相关的发展知之甚少。在这项研究中，结合分子和地球化学分析，我们根据南极东部拉瑟曼山的两个不同冰川前场中的土壤参数确定细菌群落的结构和发育。我们的结果表明，依赖于冰消融化的栖息地形成会导致土壤水分，pH和电导率的梯度下降，从而导致代表“经典”冰川前场的样带中的某些类细菌（例如蓝细菌，拟杆菌属和变形杆菌）有序地演替。根据土壤异质性，在一个略微“成熟”的冰川前场样地中发现了可变的细菌分布和不同的组成群落，根据水的可利用量和土壤深度，这里发生了芽孢杆菌，黄细菌，γ-和δ变形杆菌。放线菌在两个部位均占优势，其优势与冰川前场中的某些微量元素有关。

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